Problems in calculating national income Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problems in calculating national income - Essay Example One of the most common problems that countries, especially developing countries face in this process is lack of expertise, as the methodology involves need highly professional experts, economics, and analysts that may complete the process in an accurate manner while eliminating as much human errors as they can (Bosch, pp. 11-14, 1992). However, a huge number of countries are experiencing shortage of such qualified individuals. Besides, lack of technical equipments is also significant issue exists in this methodology, as many countries do not have access to advanced technologies required for the calculation. Thirdly, determination of depreciation is a complicated step in the process that creates problems for economists. One of the basic reasons behind this is the characteristic of depreciation being estimation rather than an accurate deduction that results in inaccurate figures of the national incomes (Dombusch, pp. 23-25, 2005). In addition, experts (Jain, pp. 52-57, 2008) have identified another problem that relates to decisions regarding inclusion and exclusion of certain products and services. In specific, economists face confrontations while deciding to consider government spending on social welfare, development expenses, interests against debts, etc that often results in wrong calculation of the national income. Moreover, experts (Wall, pp. 39-42, 2008) have noticed that globalization has resulted in existence of huge number of foreign organizations working in a country, and economists face difficulties while determining whether to include income of such companies in their national income or not. However, the IMF has played a vital role in suggesting that economists should include income, as well as production activities in the owning country while ignoring the profits that should go in the national income of the parent country. Furthermore, studies (Jain, pp. 39-41, 2008) related to the calculation of national income have shown that

Substance Abuse among the elderly populatin Article

Substance Abuse among the elderly populatin - Article Example Some participants were â€Å"early onset† drug users. These users started substance abuse at an early age especially during adolescences and early adulthood periods. The habit began as a result of experimentation, peer pressure and recreational use. Other respondents began use of substances later in life due to stressful life experiences like death of close relatives, divorces or pressure from drug user partners and friends. The research found there were negative effects on health status of drug abusers. In addition, the substance abusers lived poor quality of lives compared to other people. Most of the substance users lived alone with evidences of social isolation. Among the eleven interviewed, divorced respondents were five and the rest six had not married. Eight respondents lived alone. The research also found that the older people who were abusing drugs died earlier than other elder people who did not abuse substances. According to results of the study, ageing people used drug according to personal choice in accordance to effects and availability of drugs and substances. Drugs abused included cannabis, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), amphetamines, morphine, heroin, tobacco and alcohol. Participants had various adverse health conditions such as circulatory problems, diabetes, liver cirrhosis and hepatitis. In addition, there were evidences of weight loss, anxiety, impaired mobility, obesity, malnutrition, paranoia and memory loss. The study on substance abuse and elderly population should be expanded, and numerous study be done. It is important to know what influences the ageing population into substance abuse. I recommend for further research to determine why the ageing population engages in substance abuse. As a social worker, the study will help me in dealing with the ageing population and advise them on various activities they can engage in instead of substances abuse. Roe. B, Beynon. C, Pickering. L and Duffy. P (2010). Experiences

Application of the Criminal Justice System Research Paper

Application of the Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights the criminal justice system follows a well elaborate process. The process starts when the suspect of a crime is apprehended by the police, all the way to the time the suspect is arraigned, charged and convicted or released by the courts, and through to serving the required sentences if the suspect is found guilty. This study stresses that the crime involved the murder of Joseph Ronan at his home by John Burke. The crime was first suspected to be homicide, but after the police investigations, it was discovered that it was a murder case that involved a drug deal gone soar. The police followed the reads and were able to track down the suspect of the murder, who was set to be arraigned in court and charged for the crime of murder. This is the first process in the criminal justice system, which entails the police apprehending a suspect who is suspected of having committed a certain crime. Therefore, John Burke who is the offender in this case, will first be arrested by the police and kept in police custody, awaiting the next procedure in the criminal justice system. However, the arresting of the offender takes place only when the police have sufficient evidence to charge the suspect with the crime the suspect is alleged to have committed. This is the second process in the criminal justice system th at John Burke will go through. The prosecution and pretrial stage of the criminal justice process is the stage in which the prosecutor, will analyze and evaluate the available evidence gathered by the police.

The Role of Promotion In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of Promotion In Marketing - Essay Example Sales were up 22% last year, twice as much more than the growth in the automobile industry overall. The strong image of reliability, coupled with national brand identity, Ford has made consumers trust them and thus choose their products over others. Lexus is a higher priced brand and appeals to a more affluent customer. Famous for their luxury sedans they have also introduced SUVs, sports coupes and hybrids into their product line. The Lexus LS was ranked highest in the industry by the Initial Quality Standard study. Beginning with the first introductory year of 1990 until 2011, it has ranked highest in 13 of the last 22 years. Advertising Ford advertises on network TV, in print publications and online. Since 2009, under the direction of Marketing Director, Jim Farley, they have increased advertising spending considerably. The gains were phenomenal. Farley, at first apprehensive because he aspires to bottom-up methods, wasn’t sure how his tactics would fit in with the company. You can see Ford cars advertised on the major networks like CBS, NBC and ABC and in the most popular consumer and news magazines such as Time magazine, Harper’s and Newsweek. Their online advertising efforts are focused on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Flickr with a heavy concentration on mobile marketing. They attribute the success of using these platforms to their popularity and achieve an immeasurable amount of exposure themselves. One consumer expressed his favorable opinion of Ford’s advertising by applauding their focused message, appealing to not only interested buyers but also to current customers and the many ads on television and direct-mail campaigns. The public opinion of Ford Motor Co. has grown so high in recent years as others automobile companies were faced with needing government funds to survive. Lexus’s advertising is as sleek and modern as their cars. They are so beautifully designed they have a tremendous appeal to consumers and inspire pu rchases by those who want to attain the level of sophistication the car implies. As with Ford their ads can be seen on all of the major networks and in the most widely read magazines. They are more apt to place ads in magazines like Town & Country and Vanity Fair because of their brand identity as a luxury car. Alongside Ford, Lexus is seen as having a high public profile in social media outlets. They can be seen in commercials on YouTube, have a strong Twitter following and Facebook fan base. The Promotional Mix A Detroit firm, Team Detroit, manages Ford’s advertising campaigns. There with Chief Creative Director Toby Barlow, Tom Farley and he explore their creativity. For each campaign they come up with a new idea and pick a new creative team. The unexpected ideas and fresh perspectives always add up to great campaigns. On the Internet, Ford has launched new campaigns with across the board exposure and signed an unprecedented 12-month media commitment with a company called Specific Media. They attribute the success of their advertising to their superior demographic and behavioral targeting that more effectively reaches current owners and prospective buyers. In 2010, Advertising Age ranked Ford Motor Co. as the number 1 marketer in the country. Lexus’s advertising is revolutionary in its high tech appeal and positions itself as the leader in innovation. This works well for a glamorous identity but their customer’

Discussion topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion topic - Assignment Example Then the researcher randomly select study subjects proportionally from these different strata or subgroups. For example, if a researcher wants to know the performance rate between male and female in a nursing class he/she shall divide the population of the class into two genders, which is male and female. Then the researcher shall select proportional number randomly from the two gender groups (strata) and calculate the rate of performance. This method of sampling techniques involves arranging the study subjects in an orderly manner and then selecting from the subjects at a stated regular interval. Even though this technique has got a random start, but it follows a sequence after the start. For example, when a nurse wants to carry out a study in a medical ward he/she can state that she/he will select a patient on every third bed from the previously selected. A heterogeneous population that is having homogeneity between clusters mean is divided into different groups/clusters in this sampling technique. Then a simple random technique is used to select the study subjects from different clusters. For example, when one wants to study knowledge of hand washing among public primary school children. They shall be divided into different proportionate clusters/groups and then simple random sampling employed to choose the required sample size from the clusters. This is a method of sampling whereby the study subjects are selected because they are easily available or volunteer. For example a nurse performing a study in a hospital, that is near his/her residential

Application letter for a job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Application letter for a job - Essay Example I am devoted to my studies and the steps that I have to take to obtain a future at Trinity Fields. I work very well in team situations and have always developed a good rapport with students and co-workers. During the past two years I have had several placements as a supply teacher in mainstream and special needs schools (both English and Welsh medium). During the Summer 2008 Term I was teaching at Ysgol Gymraeg Ynyswen. At the present moment, I am teaching a CPA Class at Ysgol Rhyd y Grug. I enjoy teaching different age groups and also various topics across the curriculum. I have had the experience of taking responsibility for a target group of pupils from Key Stage 1 and 2 that require extra help with their literacy and numeracy skills. I feel that this is a great opportunity for the pupils to develop their confidence in writing and also their oral skills. I intend to develop this by organising whole class, group and pair activities that will result in the development of the pupils linguistic skills. As a result of several and wide ranging linguistic activities and also satisfactory written work, children of all abilities will be given the chance to improve their language skills. It is my personal belief that no child should ever feel inadequate, inept, or forsaken. I strongly believe that every child has an important contribution to make in the classroom. They should be recognized, in a positive manner, for their contributions no matter how big or small these contributions may be. Students should feel accepted and comfortable at all times within the confines of my classroom. Differences will be praised, acknowledged and discussed within my class. I will recognize, include, and respect all students be they gifted, average, or categorically disabled, privileged, under-privileged, gay, lesbian, blue, or green. I will stress and enforce the importance of this acceptance

My chosen product Essay Example for Free

My chosen product Essay My chosen product is a Philips Plasma Screen TV. This is my SWOT analysis for this electronic product. Strengths: Flat screen plasma TVs are becoming increasingly popular and as this certain product includes stand and speakers as standard meaning its a bargain. Weakness: There are a large range of different plasma screens available meaning customers are spoilt for choice. This includes competition with rival plasma producers all competing to be sold. Opportunities: Philips are continually producing new quality stands and screens allowing them to offer more products to potential buyers. Threats: Competition posed to Philips by other large organisations such as Sony are the biggest threat. This is due to them both competing for a large share of the same market. Section 4: Stakeholders Richer sounds main stakeholders are: Customers are existing customers. They have a relationship with the organisation as their link is that they buy the products or the services. Employees rely on the business for employment so therefore have a relationship with the business. Suppliers take orders from the business making sales, this they are stakeholders. Sponsors (of the organisation) pay money to associate the name of their product or business with an event or person. The bankers of the business lend money to company therefore making them an important stakeholder within the organisation. All the above stakeholders are interested in the business as they rely on their activities and trades to keep their organisation running. An example of this is suppliers, without taking orders from the business; they will not make any profit, which may lead the organisation to shut down. [M2] When businesses are faced with concerned stakeholders, they have a choice of either taking action, or not. The decision taken will usually depend on the power of the stakeholder group, the issue the group has raised, or the effect of any action taken upon other stakeholder groups. As every business has a main aim to survive, its usually sensible for businesss to respond to stakeholders concerns. Lack of consideration may lead to boycotts, which will decrease profits. An example of this is when Greenpeace called for a boycott of Shell petrol with the result of sales falling by approximately 50%. This is also a problem for Richer Sounds as its part of the large sound and vision market, meaning loss of profit may cause Richer Sounds to fall and become bottom of the market. If this happened Richer Sounds competitors would have an increased profit, making it harder for Richer Sounds to recover. However if the organisation chooses to do nothing about the issue it may at times damage the business by boycotts which eventually lead to profit lose. Taking action against these concerns may benefit the business, however bearing that no business will ever be able to please all its stakeholders all the time. If Richer Sounds was faced with this problem, they could choose to either face or sort the problem, or to ignore it. In my opinion, Richer Sounds should tackle and face the problem, because consequences could be fatal (such as boycotts). An example of this was when Greenpeace boycotted Shells Fuel organisation, resulting in loss of approximately 50% in profit. Richer Sounds keeps up very well with changing technology thus it must also keep up with all other external influences such as, economical factors. Richer sounds are affected by a range of economical factors including exchange rates. This is due to the fact that Richer Sounds buys a large share of their stock abroad. When Richer Sounds makes purchases form Europe, the price usually depends on the value of the pound relating in relation to the euro. Richer Sounds always benefits if the pound is stronger, thus the goods cost less. However if the pound is falling in value, Richer sounds then have to take this into consideration as the goods are then more expensive. Richer sounds might successfully adapt its activities, by simply watching the changes in money rates and the strength of the pound to the euro. Another factor that also affects Richer sounds is the level of prices. If the general level of prices increases, then Richer sounds will be forced to increase there prices as well. When prices are increased then competition also gets heated. However, the prices of electrical goods have fallen over the last few years, thus allowing Richer sounds to become more competitive then ever. To help combat these problems Richer Sounds may choose to keep record of the prices and sales, as it may help them predict whether the prices of certain products may increase or decrease.